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2090 : Independent Contractors
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Memo 2090-1-4: Independent Contractors TABLE OF CONTENTS
     INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS AND EMPLOYEES
     INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS MUST BE TRULY INDEPENDENT
     RULE ONE: INDEPENDENCE FROM EMPLOYERS' CONTROL
     RULE TWO: ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE
     COLLECT RECORDS TO PROVE IC STATUS
     EMPLOYER MUST REPORT PAYMENTS
     LEGAL CONSEQUENCES
     RELATED MEMOS/FORMS

QUESTIONS
When are workers independent contractors instead of employees?
Are independent contractors covered by employment laws?
Is a company responsible for the negligent acts of its independent contractors?
Does a company have the right to discharge independent contractors without cause?
May a company require an independent contractor to personally do the work?
Can a company supervise how, when, and where independent contractors work?
View all questions for this Memo

INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS AND EMPLOYEES

Generally, when people are hired to perform services, they are either employees or independent contractors (ICs).

        Note: Under certain conditions, people volunteering their services or involved in training programs may not qualify as either employees or independent contractors. See Memo 2130 Volunteers in For-Profit Organizations, Memo 2133 Volunteers in Non-Profit Organizations, Memo 2140 Unpaid Trainees, and Memo 2150 Students & Vocational Trainees.

        Note: To learn more about employees and non-employees, read Memo 1680 Definition of Employer and Memo 1700 Definition of Employee.

It's essential for companies to know which of their workers are employees and which are independent contractors. Otherwise, companies may face significant penalties.

Unfortunately, there is no single test to determine whether a worker is an IC or employee. Instead, the determination is made on a case-by-case basis by the particular government agency reviewing the matter. And, each agency uses its own factors.1

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